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Joan of Arc
(This is a computer translation of the
original article in Spanish. It should not be regarded
as
complete or accurate.)
Joan of Arc
was born in Domremy (France) in 1412. Her real
name was Jehanne Darc, and by the pronunciation it would be transformed later
into Jeanne d'Arc. Her father was named Jacques d'Arc and her mother Isabelle.
She was born in a family of well-off peasants, where she was dealing with the
herds and the domestic tasks. At the age of thirteen Joan assured to have had
visions of the Archangel Michael, Saint Catherine of Alexandria and Saint
Margaret of Antioch, threatening her to take a life of devotion. Years later she
felt called by God for an incredible mission: to direct the French army to expel
the Englishmen and to crown as king to the prince Charles (first-born son of
Charles VI of France). With this target in mind she traveled to Vaucoueleurs
with only 16 years and she told to Robert of Baudricourt that prince Charles did
not have to do the war to his enemies because God had said to her that he would
be a king of France and that she herself would direct the army towards the
victory. Logically they did not give her importance and pushed her back. Some
months later the Englishmen besieged Orleans and prince Charles turned out to be
forced to shelter in Chinon. Joan, before the gravity of the situation, met
again with Robert of Baudricourt, accompanied this time for her uncle, to repeat
that she had to see Charles to tell her mission. But Baudricourt continued
without believing her history. Nevertheless, Jean de Metz, needle of Charles
VII, listened the history of the young woman and promised to take her before
Charles. Joan changed her woman's clothes into others of man and traveled
to Chinon escorted and helped by many persons who knew her history. The prince
decided to put her to test: a relative would make to happen for him at the
arrival of Joan and he would make a mistake between a multitude. When Joan came,
she ignored the relative and found Charles between the multitude, to whom she
said: "God gives you long life, kind dolphin. The King of the Skies sends me,
since by me you will be dedicated and crowned in Reims. You are the real heir of
France and son of the king". After this event Charles met her privately and
asked her "a question that only God could answer". The young woman answered
correctly. After many tests more and an examination of virginity carried
out by a council of theologians, Charles agreed to put under the control of the
young Joan an army of five thousand men. In Tours she establishes her military
house, they make an armor and offer her swords that she pushes back because she
wishes one that she has seen in her visions and that is buried behind the choir
of the church. Together with her two brothers, Pierre and Jean, she travels to
Blois to meet the soldiers. With this army Joan of Arc managed to defeat the
Englishmen and to liberate of her siege the city of Orleans in 1429.
Fulfilled her mission, Joan wanted to return to house but her military success
in many other battles provoked that many people were asking her to keep on
directing the army. Her reputation kept on increasing and her popularity went so
far as to be even over that of proper king Charles. The king began then to
consider it to be an obstacle and entrusted to her difficult battles with few
soldiers. This way, the attack against Paris of 1429 turned out to be a defeat,
and in the siege of Compiègne she was captured, in 1430. It was dedicated to the
Englishmen, who moved her to Rouen where the Inquisition condemned her to
death for practising the heresy and the sorcery (conclusion to which they
came after determining that her visions were coming from the devil). After the
process she denied her visions and never promised to dress herself again in man,
for what the judgment changed capital punishment to life imprisonment. Nevertheless,
days later she reaffirmed the divine origin of the visions and voices, and
turned out to be dressed again in man, for what she was condemned to the
bonfire in 1431, in the square of the market of Rouen. During a time it was
rumored that another young woman had replaced her in the bonfire and that she
had married Robert of Armoises. In 1456, Pope Calixto III, to instances of
Charles V, checked the process being declared innocent of all the charges. In
France she was considered a national heroine, symbol of the unit, and a
martyr. In 1909 she was beatified by the Catholic Church and in 1920 they
proclaimed her a Saint and boss of France. The French lesbians have
adopted recently Joan of Arc as a symbol.
Description: Biography for Joan of Arc (Jeanne d'Arc),
life, history, military lesbian, military lesbians, important
lesbians.
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